At the same time, the freedom of capitalism is also the freedom to compete in the market. "In its place is free competition and the social and political system that corresponds to free competition, the economic and political domination of the bourgeoisie."

As Engels wrote in Communists and Karl Heinzen, "Free competition is the last, highest, and most advanced form of private property." Therefore, all measures which proceed from the basis of private property and at the same time oppose free competition are reactionary and seek to restore the lower stage of development of private property, and will therefore ultimately fail in the face of competition and restore the present state of society."

Free competition is not only reflected in administration, health care, education, etc., but also in religion and belief. The idea of freedom of belief and freedom of religion shows that free competition is dominant in the field of belief,

which can also be said to be the freedom of competition in the market of ideas. Free competition causes great suffering to the workers and arouses their hatred; Free competition benefited the bourgeoisie and won their support.

It is the freedom of the bourgeoisie to buy and sell freely, to trade freely, to compete freely, that represents the unfreedom of the worker who has nothing but Labour power. This is because bourgeois society does not abolish class antagonisms,

but merely replaces the old conditions of oppression with new ones, "by open, shameless, direct and explicit exploitation in place of exploitation concealed by religious and political illusions."

Therefore, the worker does not have the freedom not to be exploited, only the freedom to be exploited by whom, in the final analysis, is a kind of non-freedom. The freedom of capitalism differs from the freedom of feudal society in that it transforms human dignity into an exchange value,

and replaces a myriad of licensed and self-earned freedoms with an unconscionable freedom of trade. In the place of the old bourgeois society, in which classes and class antagonisms exist, there will be an association in which the free development of each is a condition for the free development of all."

The paradox of civilization in capitalist society

The paradox of civilization is embodied in the opposition between civilization and barbarism. Capitalist society is a modern and civilized society, but its formation and development is a bloody, violent and barbaric process. "

' Modern society 'is the capitalist society that exists in all civilized countries, more or less free of the impurities of the Middle Ages, more or less transformed by the particular historical development of each country, more or less developed."

In the Outline of the Critique of National Economics, Engels refers to the opposition between civilization and barbarism in capitalist society: "You have abolished the small monopoly in order to enable a great fundamental monopoly,

the right of ownership, to function more freely and without restriction; You have brought civilization to all corners of the world in order to win New Territories for the expansion of your vile greed;

You have brought the nations into brotherhood -- but a brotherhood of thieves; You have reduced the number of wars in order to make more money in time of peace, in order to bring the hostile and shameful wars of competition between men to a peak!"

In the Manifesto of the Communist Party, Marx and Engels further analyzed the opposition between civilization and barbarism. On the one hand, by the rapid improvement of the means of production and the great convenience of communication,

the bourgeoisie has drawn into civilization all nations, even the most barbaric. On the other hand, it compels all nations to adopt the bourgeois mode of production, to pursue what is called civilization,

that is, to become bourgeois. Just as it subordinates the countryside to the city, it subordinates the uncivilized and semi-civilized state to the civilized state, the peasant nation to the bourgeois nation,

and the East to the West. In Western Europe, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, France, and Germany successively became colonial powers. Through the control of powerful empires and joint-stock companies,

they turn agricultural peoples and uncivilized and semi-civilized countries into colonies and vassals for the exploitation of raw materials, the promotion of commodities and the extraction of wealth, and force them to "adopt the bourgeois mode of production."

"Subordinating the East to the West" means subordinating the backward agricultural countries of the East to the control and rule of the bourgeoisie of Western European countries. This shows that the civilized world that the bourgeoisie has created for itself in its own image is a grotesquely unbalanced world.

Because of the paradox of wealth, the paradox of freedom and the paradox of civilization, the demise of the bourgeoisie is inevitable. Because of the paradox of wealth and the paradox of freedom, the workers of a particular factory,

of a particular branch of Labour in a particular place, of the whole country, unite in a struggle against the bourgeoisie of their own country; As a result of the paradox of civilization, the proletarians of the world unite to fight for unity and coordination among the democratic parties of the world and against the bourgeoisie itself.