"The Global Nutrition Report 2018 shows that poor dietary patterns already pose a significant health burden, with one in five deaths globally linked to diet." On April 26, at the release of the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines"), Yang Yueyxin, chairman of the Chinese Nutrition Society and director of the Expert Committee on the revision of Dietary Guidelines, said that in order to meet the nutritional and health needs of Chinese residents, reduce malnutrition and prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases, the "Guidelines" were updated on the basis of the 2016 version.
"Compared to the 2016 edition, the guidelines have changed from six 'core recommendations' to eight' dietary guidelines. '" Yang Yuexin introduced, the eight criteria are: food diversity, reasonable collocation; Eat dynamic balance, healthy weight; Eat more fruits and vegetables, dairy products, whole grains, soybeans; Eat a moderate amount of fish, poultry, eggs, lean meat; Less salt less oil, control sugar limit wine; Eat regularly and drink plenty of water; Can cook, can choose, can read the label; Share your meals with chopsticks and eliminate waste.
According to reports, the "Guidelines" consists of three parts: the general dietary Guidelines for people over 2 years old, the dietary guidelines for specific groups, the balanced dietary pattern and the preparation of dietary guidelines, including the general dietary guidelines for people over 2 years old and nine guidelines for specific groups. Among them, the nine specific population guidelines are pregnant and pregnant women, breastfeeding women, infants 0 to 6 months old, infants 7 to 24 months old, preschool children, school children, the general elderly, the elderly, vegetarian people.
Dietary guidelines for the elderly are new. Yang Yuexin said that the functions of the body of the elderly are significantly declining, the incidence of malnutrition is high, the incidence of chronic diseases is high, and the management of their dietary nutrition is different from that of the people who have just entered the elderly, and more professional, fine and personalized guidance is needed.
Nowadays, irregular meals are common. According to Yang Yuexin, data in the past 20 years show that the proportion of Chinese residents who eat three meals a day regularly has declined, the proportion of rural residents who do not eat breakfast has increased significantly, and the consumption rate of snacks has increased significantly. These irregular eating behaviors may increase the risk of overweight, obesity and diabetes. In addition, the proportion of residents eating out has increased significantly, and frequent eating out can easily lead to excessive intake of energy, oil, salt, etc., increasing the risk of overweight and obesity.
"If you eat out or choose takeaway food, you should buy it as needed, pay attention to the appropriate amount and the combination of meat and vegetables, and take the initiative to make health appeals." Yang Yuexin suggested.
In addition to food, water is also an important part of the diet, but it is easy to ignore. "The phenomenon of insufficient drinking water in our country is more common, and two-thirds of residents have insufficient drinking water. Drinking too little water can reduce cognitive and physical abilities and increase the risk of urinary diseases. However, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is on the rise, and excessive consumption is associated with an increased risk of dental caries, overweight and obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia." Yang Yuexin pointed out that this suggests that we should pay special attention to "eating regularly and drinking enough water".
How much is enough? "In temperate climates, adult men with low physical activity levels drink 1,700 milliliters of water per day and adult women 1,500 milliliters of water per day." Yang Yuexin pointed out that drinks can not replace white water, should drink less or no sugary drinks.
It is understood that our country has not had its own dietary pattern. The revision, experts combined with China's recent nutrition survey and disease surveillance, found that the southeast coastal area (Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong) dietary pattern, with rich vegetables and fruits, often eat fish and shrimp and other aquatic products, soy products and milk, cooking light and less salt, etc. In addition, the incidence and mortality of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases were lower and life expectancy was higher. Therefore, the "Guide" proposed for the first time that the dietary pattern in the southeast coastal area represents China's "Eastern healthy dietary pattern", hoping to play a health demonstration role and have better guidance.
According to reports, in order to facilitate the application of the people, the revision has also improved the Chinese residents' dietary pagoda (2022), the Chinese residents' balanced diet plate (2022) and the children's balanced diet abacus (2022) and other visual graphics, and filmed quantitative recipe patterns, propaganda posters and other forms that can be presented to facilitate the public to learn and practice a reasonable diet. We will promote the implementation of the "Action Plan for a Reasonable Diet". The reporter combed and found that the "Guide" had a qualitative description of "eat more", "eat less", "control", "limit" and so on, and a quantitative description of "high salt", "high oil", "high sugar", "containing", "rich", "low salt", "low oil", "lean meat" and so on, and the public can more convenient and intuitive understanding of these words.
Dietary guidelines are the basic document of health education and public policy, and an important measure for the state to promote rational food consumption, improve the scientific quality of the people, and implement the healthy China action. It is understood that since the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese residents" was first issued in 1989, China has been revised and released three times in 1997, 2007 and 2016, playing an important role in guiding residents to change their nutritional health status, prevent chronic diseases and enhance health quality through balanced diets at different times.
