Rhinitis, sinusitis and epistaxis are common clinical nasal diseases. Other common diseases are as follows:

① Nasal furuncle and nasal vestibulitis. Nasal furuncle is a swelling of the nasal vestibular skin, the main pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. At first, it is localized redness and swelling, and in severe cases, the redness and swelling can spread to the upper lip and cheek. Treatment should be based on hot compress and antibiotics, do not squeeze the boil, in order to prevent intracranial infection - cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis, improper treatment can lead to blindness and death.

Rhinovestibular inflammation is mainly caused by nasal and sinusitis secretions to nasal vestibular skin stimulation, and it is more common in children. Redness, swelling and scabs can be seen on the skin around the nasal vestibule and front nostrils. The main treatment is to apply non-irritating anti-inflammatory ointment locally, and to treat rhinitis and sinusitis.

② Nasal trauma. It is more common in fighting, surgery, traffic accidents, etc., mainly with external nose cutting injury, blunt contusion and nose bone fracture. Severe nasal trauma is often associated with sinus trauma, facial and craniocerebral injuries, and other systemic injuries.

Fresh nasal bone fractures are simple to treat and can be easily reduced, while old fractures require surgery to correct nasal malformations. There are often foreign bodies in the wound of nasal trauma, which should be paid attention to when treated.

③ Nasal polyps. It is the result of long-term edema of nasal mucosa, edema to a certain extent, nasal mucosa ptosis and formation of nasal polyps. Mucosal edema is caused by allergic reaction or infection. Nasal polyps are common diseases, there are two kinds of single and multiple, its appearance is like peeled white grapes.

Small nasal polyps have no obvious symptoms, and large or multiple nasal polyps can block the nasal cavity, and the main symptom is nasal obstruction. The main treatment is surgical resection. The recurrence tendency is common in multiple patients after surgery, and the recurrence patients can be treated with surgical treatment. Nasal polyps should be distinguished from nasal malignant tumors, especially in middle-aged and elderly patients. Resected nasal polyps should be pathologically examined to prevent missed diagnosis.

④ Foreign body in nasal cavity. It is more common in children, and the foreign body types are mostly paper balls, beans, fruit stones, etc., and long-term foreign bodies can appear unilateral large and fetid purulent secretions due to secondary infection. The foreign body can also be used as the core, long-term retention due to calcinosis and formation of rhinoliths, smaller rhinoliths can be removed from the front nostril, large rhinoliths to be surgically removed.

⑤ Nasal tumors. The nasal cavity and sinuses are the most common sites for tumors. Common benign tumors include papilloma, osteoma, fibroma, hemangioma, etc. The diagnosis depends on pathological examination and X-ray radiography, and the treatment is surgical resection.

There are two types of nasal malignant tumors that originate in the nasal cavity and those that originate in the nasal sinus and invade the nasal cavity. A mass can be seen on one side of the nasal cavity, with a surface of cauliflower, papilla or polyp, and erosion or ulceration can also occur, so the discharge is bloody.

The maxillary sinus was the most common malignancy, and the sphenoid sinus was the rarest. In the early stage, the tumor was located in the sinus cavity and had no clinical manifestations. In the late stage, the bone was destroyed and there were cheek deformities and exophthalmos. For example, the typical clinical manifestations of malignant tumors of the maxillary sinus are as follows: when the inner wall of the maxillary sinus is destroyed, the tumor invades the nasal cavity, and the mass can be seen by rhinoscopy; Cheek swelling occurs when the anterior wall is destroyed.

When the upper wall is destroyed, the eyeball protrudes; When the posterior wall is damaged, it affects the mouth opening muscle, which is manifested as mouth opening difficulty. When the lower wall is destroyed, it is manifested as the swelling of the hard palate. If the alveolar is invaded, the maxillary teeth may be loosened.

The diagnosis of nasal and sinus malignancies must rely on pathological examination. Cancer (especially squamous cell carcinoma) is more common, and sarcoma is less common. The treatment is mainly extensive surgical resection, combined with radiation therapy and chemical therapy according to the human condition.

The nose can process the air inhaled and has a protective effect on the lower respiratory tract, so you should develop the habit of breathing through the nose.

The nose is one of the portals of infection, and there are various microorganisms resident in the nasal cavity, when the skin and mucous membranes of the nose are damaged, it is prone to infection. Nose picking is one of the important causes of damage to the skin and mucous membranes of the nose, so the habit of nose picking should be stopped.

The venous blood of the nose flows into the cavernous sinus of the skull. Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis and septicemia can occur when the nasal infection spreads. Therefore, the nasal furuncle should be treated with antibiotics in time, and hand squeezing should be absolutely prohibited.

A nasal infection can cause salpingitis and spread the infection through the eustachian tube to the middle ear, causing otitis media. Nasal infections, especially colds, are the most common cause of acute otitis media. It is one of the important measures to prevent common cold complicated with otitis media by using mucoconstrictor to make the secretions in the nasal cavity flow smoothly and reduce the edema of the mucous membrane of the pharyngotympanic tube.

The increased pressure in the nasal cavity can promote the spread of the nasal infection through the eustapyngeal tube to the middle ear, which is easy to happen when blowing the nose, so when the nasal secretions need to be blown, care should be taken to prevent the transmission of the infection to the middle ear.

The correct way to blow your nose is to press one nostril with your finger and blow the secretions out of the opposite nasal cavity when the opposite nasal cavity is open, on both sides separately, so as to prevent excessive pressure in the nasal cavity.

Because the nasal disorders may be accompanied by the narrowing of the sinuses and eustasian-tube openings, and cannot adapt to rapid changes in air pressure, patients with these conditions should not live and work in environments with rapid changes in air pressure, such as aviation, diving, etc.