At this time, there is a city on the other side of the ocean that is quietly rising, gradually replacing the position of the art market center of Paris, it is New York.

As a result of World War II, hundreds of European artists had arrived in New York by the spring of 1941. The arrival of this group of European modern artists contributed to the development of New York's art institutions, and the modern art collection in New York began to greatly surpass that in Europe. At the same time, many artists who came to the United States began to teach fine arts. Under such circumstances, the culture and art market in New York developed rapidly.

Native American modern art originated between the early 20th century and the 1930s, and began to mature in the 1940s. The first modern school of art emerged: abstract Expressionism. In the 1960s and 1970s, another international modern art movement centered on New York again flourished in the United States, and the newly emerged pop art gradually became the mainstream of American modern art. Still has a considerable influence on today's fashion.

▲ Pop art representative work "Marilyn Monroe"
With the continuous progress of American economy and culture, world-class art museums began to appear in New York, such as the Museum of Modern Art in New York and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A large number of galleries, antique shops, art trading markets have also appeared, among which, the world's two major art auction giants Sotheby's and Christie's, after 1955, respectively set up offices in New York. In addition, New York also hosts many art exhibitions with world influence, as well as various academic seminars and lectures every year. After years of hard work, New York has finally become a new world art center and modern and contemporary art center.

New York has become a new art center, and in addition to the gathering of artists, it is also inseparable from the operation of collectors and the pursuit of rich people for art. In the 19th century, New York was the world's financial center and the richest city in the United States. After making enough money, the rich began to collect art, such as the oil king Rockefeller and the acrobatic king John Regling who lived in New York, who were both large millionaires and famous art collectors.

▲ Oil king Rockefeller
The Rockefeller family established the first museum of modern art in New York, which is now the world famous Museum of Modern Art in New York. Currently, the museum receives up to 2.5 million visitors a year and has a collection of more than 150,000 works, among which the most famous works are: Impressionist painter Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night, Cubist painter Pablo Picasso's La Femme d 'Avignon, Surrealist painter Salvador Dali's The Persistence of Memory, Impressionist painter Monet's Water Lilies, and Fauvism founder Matisse's Dance. Of course, the museum also has a large collection of classic works by modern American artists. In the 1930s, the American entrepreneur Solomon Guggenheim began collecting modern paintings, such as the works of the Russian painter Kandinsky (he bought about 150). In 1937, he founded the Guggenheim Foundation and established the Guggenheim Museum in New York to exhibit his collection of modern art. The establishment of these two large art museums indicates that the collection of modern art in the United States has shifted from the private sphere to the public sphere.

Picasso's Les Demoiselles d 'Avignon
When art collection becomes a trend, the government naturally has to introduce corresponding policies. The policy of encouraging the development of non-profit art institutions and art donation issued by the American government has played a great role in the development of art and the development of museums. The policy stipulates that charitable donations are tax-deductible. For example, Pamela Harriman, a British-American diplomat who was once Churchill's daughter-in-law, gave Van Gogh's Rose to the National Museum of Art for collection and display, which resulted in a personal tax write-off of $60 million. In the 1960s, the United States federal government established the National Endowment Fund for People and the Arts to promote the development and research of the arts, and the foundation has branches in all 50 states and six regions. Each state also has its own non-profit arts foundation, which continuously funds social arts activities and projects, and strongly supports and promotes the development and prosperity of the arts. These policies have greatly encouraged the enthusiasm of the rich for art collection and promoted the healthy development of the art market.

The key elements of becoming the center of the art market
As can be seen from the above, a city to become an art center, and the city's economic level, art producers and collectors, the right behind the driving force and the government are closely related, lack of which can not become a real art market center.

First of all, economy is the foundation, and the history of art development proves that art centers change with economic centers. If a city's culture wants to develop, the power of economy cannot be underestimated. The rise of art in Paris and the rise of art market in New York are both promoted on the basis of urban economic development. If you think about the imperfect infrastructure and poor living environment in these two cities, naturally there will be no gathering of artists.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
To become an art center, art producers are necessary. Where a large number of artists gather, it is easier to produce soul collisions and good works. If the artist's work is finished and just kept at home, and never went to the market, then this is another cultural loss. This is when a good bole is extremely important. For example, Peggy Guggenheim, an influential American collector who began collecting European modern art in 1938, discovered the potential value of Jackson Pollock's work and not only kept a large collection of her own, but continued to promote it at her gallery. This triggered a large number of painting dealers to Pollock as the representative of the American abstract expressionist painting pursuit.

The works of Pollock
Artists can become famous, in addition to relying on their own artistic talent, more importantly, they can meet an outstanding artistic talent, that is, we often say that the master behind the push. They are good at using commercial means to select, purchase and promote some works to enhance the artistic value and commercial value of artists. They can not only make the works of unknown new artists appear in front of everyone, provide opportunities for new excellent artists, and promote the prosperity and development of the world art market to a certain extent.

Finally, the environment of the city is also very important, and it must be open and inclusive, which is related to the government. Some policies issued by the government will obviously affect the development of culture and art in a country or region. For example, the policies introduced by the US government to encourage the development of non-profit art institutions and art donations mentioned above have played a crucial role in the development of American culture and art, and also laid a good environmental foundation for New York to become the center of the art market.

The future direction of Art Market Center
Today, "culture and art" has become a global language, with $14.9 billion in art sales worldwide in 2017. Global auction sales rose by 20% compared with the previous year. The converging effect of the art market center is no longer so obvious, and there is a situation of cultural diversification. The culture of various places is developing, and the rapid flow of information allows the culture of various places to be extensively exchanged. In addition to European and American cities with developed art and culture, Asian art has also been extremely active in the global contemporary art in recent years.

▲ Hong Kong Sotheby's autumn auction site
Take Hong Kong as an example, its special historical development background and geographical advantages make this city become the new darling of the international art market, where Chinese and Western cultures converge. At the same time, this land has an open, inclusive and diverse cultural gene. After years of development and precipitation, Hong Kong has become the art market center in Asia, and is also unique in the field of art market. Together with London, the United Kingdom, and New York, the United States, it is listed as the three major art trading centers in the world. In addition, the pace of development of the Japanese art market cannot be ignored. It has the largest share of the world art market, ahead of Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium, and is considered one of the most dynamic Asian markets.

Works by Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama
Due to the economic transformation of various countries, the demand for the development of cultural economy has been promoted, and the upgrading of mass consumption and the pursuit of high-quality cultural life have been vigorous. The art market will change the status of collection or investment as the main attribute of the past, and the art market is likely to enter an era of mass participation. In the future, the global art market will continue to blend, not only limited to European and American countries, the concept of art center will no longer be so obvious, it may be a number of cities, will be regional spread, all this remains to be further observed.

Conclusion:

Through today's push, I believe you must have a basic understanding of the changes in the center of the world art market. The art market is changeable, it will be affected by many external factors, let us hold a good attitude to witness the art market tomorrow!