The participating experts focused on the theme of the forum and expressed many original thoughts, theories and viewpoints, which is the main purpose of the "Academic China" International Summit Forum and also a major feature of the forum.
It is reported that the "Academic China" International Summit Forum aims to build an influential academic forum brand in the world, and make it an important platform for the prosperity of Chinese academics, the development of Chinese theories, and the dissemination of Chinese ideas.Global technology reference
Black carbon and dust accelerate snow melt by reducing the surface albedo
Mountain snow is a natural surface with high albedo on Earth and plays an important role in hydrology and energy balance. Recently, the University of Grenoble Alpes, the University of Toulouse and other institutions in France published an article in Nature Communications entitled "Response to the change of mountain snow by black carbon and dust under the influence of climate change".
The study shows that black carbon and dust on the snow surface reduce the snow albedo and increase the snow melt rate, resulting in an average advance of 17±6 days in the French Alps and Pyrenees between 1979 and 2018, resulting in an advance of the peak of meltwater runoff by 10-15 days.
Using the Crocus snow cover model, the researchers quantified the combined effects of black carbon and dust on snow cover dynamics and trends in the Alps and Pyrenees from 1979 to 2018, confirming that the presence of black carbon and dust does indeed contribute to seasonal snow melt in mid-latitude mountain areas.
The results showed that from 1979 to 2018, the combined effect of black carbon and dust turned the snow surface black, and the snow melt time in the Alps and Pyrenees mountains was 17.8 and 16.1 days earlier than that in the clean snow.
Black carbon and dust in the Alps have a greater impact on the early snowmelt time than in the Pyrenees, due to less black carbon in the Pyrenees, earlier natural snowmelt time, and slightly higher meteorological conditions.
By studying snowmelt trends in the Alps, the study found that reductions in black carbon and dust since the 1980s have slowed snowmelt caused by climate warming. In addition, the earlier timing of snowmelt has brought forward the peak runoff in the Alps and Pyrenees by 15 and 10 days, respectively.
Climate change threatens the survival and health of urban trees, undermining the benefits they provide to city dwellers. Researchers from the University of Western Sydney and the University of Melbourne in Australia and the University of Verne in France analyzed climate vulnerability indicators and future climate risks associated with 3,129 tree and shrub species in 164 cities in 78 countries.
The study found that 56 percent of species experienced climate conditions that exceeded their safety threshold for average temperatures; 65% of species have exceeded their safe limits for average precipitation; Under the representative concentration path (RCP6.0),
76% of species (2387) will be affected by future mean temperature changes and 70% (2220) will be threatened by future annual precipitation changes by 2050. Low-latitude urban forests are predicted to be most at risk,
such as those in New Delhi, India, and Singapore, where all urban tree species are vulnerable to climate change. These findings help assess the impacts of climate change to ensure that urban forests provide long-term benefits.
Enhanced weathering is not suitable for carbon removal in tropical peatlands
The study notes that enhanced weathering strategies have so far been considered a promising carbon removal method, but the method is not suitable for removing carbon dioxide from tropical peat soils.
Enhanced weathering is a carbon dioxide removal strategy that enhances the soil's ability to absorb and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by dusting it with rock powder. Warm and humid conditions enhance weathering,
and previous studies have suggested that tropical peatlands be the target area for enhanced weathering. However, little is known about the effects of enhanced weathering on carbon stocks in peatlands. Researchers from the University of Bremen,
the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research in Germany, and the Sarawak Campus of Swinburne University of Technology in Australia estimated that, based on measurements of river flows from peat drains in Indonesia and Malaysia from 2004 to 2013,
enhanced weathering measures would reduce the risk of erosion. Response of carbon dioxide emissions from tropical peat soils, rivers, and coastal waters to changes in soil acidity.
The results suggest that 18% to 60% of the potential carbon uptake associated with enhanced weathering is offset by onshore CO2 re-emissions, and the remainder may be completely offset by emissions from peat seepage into coastal waters.
The researchers note that, contrary to the expected effect, enhanced weathering may disrupt the natural carbon cycle in tropical peatlands, which act as important carbon sinks and protect against coastal erosion, by increasing pH levels.Where should a lunar research base be located
China announced that it will carry out manned lunar exploration and the construction of lunar scientific research bases. When the news came out, the Chinese people were excited. However, if you want to establish a lunar research base, in the face of the vast moon, where should you "site"?
Ten years of research to fill international gaps
In the field of geological research, the so-called "structure" refers to the deformation or displacement of rock strata or rock masses under the action of the earth's internal and external stresses.
