(1) Energy storage technology and application

The energy storage technology in the power grid mainly refers to the storage of electric energy, which plays a flexible role in the high proportion of new energy power system. China's widely used energy storage technology has pumped storage, chemical energy storage, compressed air energy storage and other forms, but in addition to pumped storage, there is no technology in the efficiency, scale, cost, safety, stability and other indicators have a significant advantage.

With the improvement of energy storage technology, energy storage will be applied in power system generation, transmission, distribution, electricity consumption and other links.

For example, on the power generation side, lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries have the advantages of short-time high-power output and fast response, which can effectively smooth the output fluctuation of new energy power generation and flexibly track the output curve of power generation plan. On the power grid side, pumped storage and compressed air energy storage have the advantages of long cycle life, large capacity and high safety, and can provide a variety of auxiliary services for the power grid such as peak regulation, frequency regulation and voltage regulation.

By the end of 2020, China's pumped storage capacity is about 3.2×107 kW, and it is about 5.2×107 kW under construction. A new round of pumped-storage planning resource site survey (launched in December 2020) selected a total of 1529 sites, with a potential total installed capacity of up to 1.6×109 kW, and a wide distribution range.

It is expected that the installed capacity of pumped storage in 2030 will be about 1.2×108~2×108 kW. China has a complete pumped storage industry chain system, domestic 600 m and below head, large capacity, high speed pumping and storage units have reached the international advanced level, 710 m head, 3.5×105 kW units in Zhejiang Changlongshan pumped storage power station installed applications.

At present, the comprehensive efficiency of pumped storage is generally 70% to 85%, and the cost of KWH is 0.21 to 0.25 yuan, which has cost advantages compared with other forms of energy storage. By the end of 2020, China's electrochemical energy storage installed capacity is 3.27×106 kW, and it is expected that the non-pump storage capacity in 2060 will be more than 5×108 kW. Lithium-ion energy storage is one of the most competitive forms of chemical energy storage, the current energy density is 150~250 W·h/kg, the number of cycles is 4000~5000 times, the cost of electricity is 1.9~2.5 yuan; Future cost reduction is the key breakthrough direction.

In order to meet the challenges associated with a high proportion of new energy access, it is necessary to promote the large-scale application of pumped energy storage technology, study the long-life, low-cost, large-capacity lithium-ion batteries suitable for power grid energy storage, and carry out research and demonstration applications of non-lithium based chemical batteries.

(2) Electric meteorological technology and application

Power meteorological technology refers to the methods and means for power system to cope with the influence of external meteorological environment in the links of power generation, transmission, distribution, transformation, power consumption and pre-planning and design, including energy development and climate change impact analysis, meteorological disaster prediction and early warning of trans-regional large power grid, and accurate prediction of key meteorological elements of power.

Meteorological conditions are the most critical external factors affecting the high proportion of new energy power systems. Wind, light and precipitation are the primary resources of new energy power generation and hydropower, which affect new energy power generation and hydropower output. Meteorological disasters can damage transmission and transformation equipment, meteorological conditions affect transmission capacity, temperature, humidity, precipitation and other factors affect load behavior.

However, the gap between the meteorological information provided by public meteorological services and the actual demand for electricity is obvious, which is mainly reflected in the distance of observation stations from electric power equipment, the lack of customization and accuracy of forecast data, and the lack of key elements of electric power meteorology.

Customized meteorological research for power demand can provide necessary technical service support for power production, equipment operation and maintenance, and new energy consumption.

With the increase of the proportion of new energy connected to the grid and the growth of the scale of the power grid, meteorological resources with fluctuating characteristics and frequent meteorological disasters will have a more obvious impact on the power grid, making the importance of power meteorological technology further apparent.

Some companies in the United States have the ability to provide commercial services for new energy power forecasting and ice disaster warning.

Companies in Europe, Canada, Japan and other places have also carried out disaster warning and new energy power forecasting businesses related to power meteorology to varying degrees.

In China, the State Grid Co., Ltd. and China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. are gradually building and improving the meteorological disaster monitoring technical capabilities of transmission line channels, and have started the development of power grid meteorological disaster active defense system, which will provide scientific means for meteorological disaster prevention of important transmission line channels.

In the future, it can focus on solving the problem of resource endowment evolution under the influence of climate change and large-scale development of new energy, reduce the adverse impact of lightning, wind, heavy rainfall and other power meteorological disasters, improve the level of new energy consumption and support the safe operation of power grids.